Common causes of decreased lung compliance are pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema. In an obstructive lung disease , airway obstruction causes an increase in resistance. During normal breathing, the pressure volume relationship is no different from in a normal lung. However, when breathing rapidly, greater pressure is needed to overcome the resistance to flow, and the volume of each breath gets smaller. Common obstructive diseases include asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.
Individuals who smoke may require more testing, as their symptoms are more likely to progress when compared with people who do not smoke. People with COPD should regularly attend medical appointments and complete recommended pulmonary function tests.
There are other steps an individual with COPD can take to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression. These include:. It is also vital to inform a doctor if a person notices any changes in symptoms. Symptoms of COPD flare-ups include worsening:. FEV1 is a useful measurement that is taken during a pulmonary function test. People who smoke may require more frequent testing. It can be used at night or when symptoms flare….
Emphysema is a lung condition. There is no cure, but certain treatments can ease the symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening. Learn more…. Some foods and drinks can make COPD worse, but choosing the right items can help prevent problems such as unwanted weight loss and poor oxygen intake….
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Eur Respir J 26 , — Simon, N. Generalized additive models: an introduction with R. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Ah Young Leem contributed to the acquisition of data, analysis, and drafting of the article.
Boram Park contributed to data analysis. Young Sam Kim and Joon Chang contributed to the study conception and design.
Sungho Won contributed to data analysis and critical revision of the paper. Ji Ye Jung contributed to the study conception and design and critical revision of the paper. All authors take responsibility for all aspects of the work. Reprints and Permissions. Longitudinal decline in lung function: a community-based cohort study in Korea.
Sci Rep 9, Download citation. Received : 08 March Accepted : 23 August Published : 20 September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Epidemiology. Abstract Progressive decline in lung function is the hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD.
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical expenses worldwide 1 , 2. Results Baseline characteristics Of the initial 8, participants in the Ansung-Ansan cohort, 7, Figure 1. Flow chart showing the patient selection process for the study. Full size image. Table 1 Distribution of subjects in different groups categorized by sex, lung function and smoking status.
Full size table. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Discussion In the present study, the annual decline in lung function was estimated for a population-based cohort in Korea. Definition Individuals who declared that they had never smoked before the study were considered never smokers, those who declared that they had smoked but stopped before the study were considered former smokers, and those who reported active smoking during the study period were considered current smokers.
Statistical analysis We stratified participants into groups according to the smoking status never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker at cohort inception and the presence or absence of OLD.
References 1. Article Google Scholar 2. Article Google Scholar 3. Article Google Scholar View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing Interests The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary information.
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